Ultra-dense motion capture: an exploratory full-automatic approach for dense tracking of breast motion in 4D

We propose an accurate approach to reveal such correspondence based on radial basis functions (RBFs) and a set of sparsely labelled landmarks, with a good post-alignment scheme. Two application cases are examined to illustrate its applicability: virtual anatomical landmark tracking and analysis of extent of deformation. Our approach significantly outperforms the two baselines adapted from previous studies in terms of calculation time, accuracy, and consistency. These results suggest that our approach can capture the dynamic deformation characteristics of the surface of the breast in a robust manner. The method also advances research in breast anthropometry, biomechanics, and ergonomics by enabling more accurate tracking of the surface deformation patterns and dynamic characteristics of the breasts.